The sacred geography of the Indic world — every site mapped, dated, storied, and cited.
Portibi, Padang Lawas, North Sumatra · 1.4056°, 99.7306°
Three red-brick Vajrayana Buddhist sanctuaries standing about 500 m apart on the Padang Lawas plain, and the only temples of that scattered complex to have been fully restored. Archaeologists place their construction between the 11th and 13th centuries and link them to the Pannai kingdom, a trading polity inside the Srivijayan sphere.
coordinates: wikipedia-2026-08-28 · sources retrieved 2026-08-26 · dynasty page: Pannai (Srivijaya mandala)
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