Tirtha Atlas

The sacred geography of the Indic world — every site mapped, dated, storied, and cited.

1126 sites15 countries4 traditions30 centuries
Early medieval · Hindu · Cambodia

Bakong

Roluos, Siem Reap, Siem Reap · 13.3360°, 103.9741°

Shiva (linga)Khmer EmpireKhmerUNESCO World Heritage
Sacred since
881 CE
first attestation / structure
Standing structure
completed 881 (Indravarman I)
Khmer Empire

History & significance

Completed in 881 under Indravarman I as the state temple of Hariharalaya, the capital now called Roluos, Bakong is the earliest sandstone temple-mountain the Khmer built and the model for the pyramids that followed at Angkor. Its five-tiered central pyramid measures roughly 65 by 67 metres at the base and once held a linga at the summit; the present central tower is a twelfth-century replacement reflecting later religious change, and the pyramid was restored in the 1930s by the French conservator Maurice Glaize.

Sthala katha — the legend

The plan is read as a model of the cosmos, its moats standing for the mythical oceans and its enclosing walls and terraces for the mountain ranges that ring Mount Meru.

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Related sites

Brihadisvara Temple
Thanjavur · India
1003–1010 CE
Brihadisvara Temple, Gangaikonda Cholapuram
Gangaikonda Cholapuram · India
c. 1035 CE
Airavatesvara Temple
Darasuram, Kumbakonam · India
mid-12th c. CE
Shore Temple
Mahabalipuram (Mamallapuram) · India
c. 700–728 CE
Virupaksha Temple, Hampi
Hampi · India
7th-c. origins; major Vijayanagara expansion
Vittala Temple, Hampi
Hampi · India
15th–16th c.

Sources

coordinates: wikipedia-2026-08-27 · sources retrieved 2026-08-26 · dynasty page: Khmer Empire