Tirtha Atlas

The sacred geography of the Indic world — every site mapped, dated, storied, and cited.

1126 sites15 countries4 traditions30 centuries
High medieval · Buddhist · Cambodia

Neak Pean

Angkor, Siem Reap · 13.4631°, 103.8944°

AvalokiteshvaraKhmer EmpireKhmerUNESCO World Heritage
Sacred since
1150 CE
first attestation / structure
Standing structure
late 12th c. (Jayavarman VII)
Khmer Empire

History & significance

An artificial island shrine set in the Jayatataka baray beside Preah Khan, built under Jayavarman VII and counted among the hospitals of his reign: bathers were understood to have the elements within them rebalanced and their disease cured. Four linked pools stand for water, earth, fire and wind, each with its own spout in the form of an elephant, bull, horse or lion, and the Chinese envoy Zhou Daguan recorded the site during his visit to Angkor in the late thirteenth century.

Sthala katha — the legend

The pools are held to represent Anavatapta, a mythical Himalayan lake whose waters cure every illness, and the surviving horse figure is Balaha, the form Avalokiteshvara took to carry shipwrecked sailors away from the ogresses of Tamradvipa.

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Related sites

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1003–1010 CE
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c. 1035 CE
Airavatesvara Temple
Darasuram, Kumbakonam · India
mid-12th c. CE
Shore Temple
Mahabalipuram (Mamallapuram) · India
c. 700–728 CE
Virupaksha Temple, Hampi
Hampi · India
7th-c. origins; major Vijayanagara expansion
Vittala Temple, Hampi
Hampi · India
15th–16th c.

Sources

coordinates: wikipedia-2026-08-27 · sources retrieved 2026-08-26 · dynasty page: Khmer Empire